Ghostwriter
€250-750 EUR
Πληρώθηκε κατά την παράδοση
EUGENE GARFIELD
INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION*
3501 MARKET ST,, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Ghostwrftfng-The Spectrum from
Ghostwriter to Revfewer to Editor
to Coauthor
Number 48
A few years ago, I decided to tackle
the task of publishing an essay about
ghostwriting. My preliminary draft and
notes, both written and oral, were
turned over to Marianne Zajdel, then
manager of editorial materials at ISF.
She in turn asked Joan L. Cochran, one
of ISI’s staff writers, to prepare a more
detailed draft, incorporating the many
points stipulated in the outline we had
prepared. Joan had been an 1S1 staff
writer for about five years and had
helped me prepare dozens of articles.
She subsequently submitted yet another
draft to me, which I read and edited extensively. This revised draft was then
submitted to a group of reviewers I had
chosen.
Not surprisingly, reactions were quite
mixed. Suggested changes ranged from
correcting a few words or lines to a major rethinking and rewriting. I chose the
latter because the recommendation was
supported by massive contextual corrections I simply could not ignore. One cdltor extraordinairel made me realize that
the subject of ghostwriting was far more
complex than I had imagined. Indeed,
the potential range of the subject is vast.
It touches upon the domains of writing,
editing, and reviewing, as welf as the
ethics of authorship.
What follows is an interim essay on
this large subject. These ongoing reflections are bound to be protilonal.
Neither time, space, nor temperament
allows me the luxury of indulging in a
December 2.1985
Mertonian/Shandean exercise in selfand domain-exegesis.z In order to pay
proper homage to those who have participated in the creation of th~ essay,
however, I have incorporated their remarks verbatim wherever possible. This
helps illustrate how difficult it is to identify what is truly one’s own original writing, rewriting, or editing, as well as one’s
own ideas when research aides, reviewers, and editors are involved in a
truly social and interactive process. By
focusing attention on the fulf range of
editorial functions, I hope that the ethical problems involved in scholarly and
other writing will be clafi~ed.
In this essay, I examine various types
of ghostwriting and, I hope, separate
them from the many shades of editing
and writing (or speaking) that are not,
strictly speaking, original. By “original,”
I refer to what the author wrote before
the piece was submitted to others for
whatever type of help was needed. I also
d~cuss some issues that arise in deciding
how to give credit for those ideas incorporated in the text that are not originally
the author’s.
An essay I wrote several years ago
happily acknowledged the help I receive
from ISI’s large staff of information scientists, librarians, writers, and other
professional colleagues.3 In a sense,
these people separately and collectively
perform the function of research associates and editors. Still, it is tempting to
describe these activities as bordering on
460
Ταυτότητα Εργασίας: #17971335
Σχετικά με την εργασία
Ανατέθηκε στον:
2 freelancers κάνουν προσφορές κατά μέσο όρο €264 για αυτή τη δουλειά
Hi, My proposal is related to writing articles, blog. I am an experienced writer and working in this field for the past 7 years. I understand the requirements of your work and can easily assist you within the given Περισσότερα